The United States Supreme Court is the highest court in the judicial branch of the federal government of the United States. Established by Article III of the U.S. Constitution, it has the ultimate authority to interpret the Constitution and carry out the judicial power of the federal government. Comprising nine justices, including a Chief Justice, the Supreme Court serves as the final arbiter on matters pertaining to federal law, including constitutional interpretation and disputes between the states.
The Supreme Court primarily operates as an appellate court, hearing cases on appeal from lower courts. It exercises discretionary jurisdiction, meaning that it has the power to choose which cases it will review, except for those arising under its original jurisdiction, which include disputes between states. As a result, the Court's docket mainly consists of cases where there are substantial legal or constitutional questions at stake.
The decisions of the Supreme Court set legal precedents, which have a significant impact on American society. As the final interpreter of the Constitution, the Court's rulings shape the understanding and application of individual rights, the balance of power between the branches of government, and the scope of federal authority. Justices on the Supreme Court are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate, and they serve lifetime appointments, ensuring independence from political pressure.
Furthermore, the Court has the power of judicial review, enabling it to declare acts of Congress, the President, or state legislatures as unconstitutional, thus invalidating them. This aspect of the Court's authority makes it a crucial component in safeguarding the constitutional rights of individuals and preserving the system of checks and balances within the American government.
