Ocular tuberculosis is a medical condition characterized by the presence of tuberculosis infection in the eye. Tuberculosis, generally caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium, is a contagious disease primarily affecting the lungs but can spread throughout various organs of the body, including the eyes.
In ocular tuberculosis, the infection typically occurs through the bloodstream or direct spread from nearby infected tissues. The bacterium can affect any part of the eye, including the conjunctiva, cornea, iris, ciliary body, retina, and optic nerve. Common symptoms include redness, pain, blurred vision, excessive tear production, sensitivity to light, and the presence of granulomas or nodules in the eye.
Diagnosing ocular tuberculosis often requires a thorough examination by an ophthalmologist, along with the use of imaging tests, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) or fluorescein angiography, to assess the extent of the infection. A definitive diagnosis may also involve the analysis of a sample of ocular fluid or tissue for the presence of tuberculosis bacteria.
Treatment for ocular tuberculosis typically involves a combination of antitubercular medications, consisting of antibiotics like rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide, administered over a period of several months. Surgery may be required in severe cases, such as when there is extensive retinal or optic nerve damage.
Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment of ocular tuberculosis are crucial to prevent vision loss and further complications. Regular follow-up visits with an ophthalmologist and adherence to the prescribed medication regimen are essential for managing the condition effectively.
