Ankylostoma refers to a genus of parasitic nematodes belonging to the family Ancylostomatidae, commonly known as the hookworms. The name Ankylostoma is derived from the Greek words "ankylo," meaning "bent," and "stoma," meaning "mouth," which describes the characteristic bent morphology of the mouthpart of these parasites.
Hookworms of the genus Ankylostoma are typically small, slender, and thread-like parasites that infect the small intestines of a wide range of mammals, including humans. They have a characteristic hook-like mouthpart, which they use to attach to the intestinal lining and feed on the host's blood.
Infection with Ankylostoma can occur through direct contact with contaminated soil or feces, commonly in regions with poor sanitation. Once the larvae penetrate the host's skin, they migrate through the bloodstream to the lungs. From there, they are coughed up and then swallowed, eventually reaching the small intestines where they mature into adult worms.
Ankylostoma infections can cause a range of symptoms, including anemia, gastrointestinal disturbances, abdominal pain, and fatigue. Severe infections may lead to malnutrition and stunted growth, particularly in children.
Preventive measures, such as maintaining good personal hygiene, practicing proper sanitation, and wearing shoes when walking in areas with contaminated soil, are essential for preventing Ankylostoma infection. Treatment typically involves administration of anthelmintic drugs to eliminate the parasites from the intestines.
