Acid-base balance refers to the equilibrium or stability of the pH level in the body's fluids, primarily the blood. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with a value of 7 considered neutral. A pH value lower than 7 indicates acidity, while a higher value indicates alkalinity or basicity.
The body maintains a delicate balance of acid and base levels to ensure optimal functioning of various physiological processes. This balance is crucial for the proper functioning of enzymes, proteins, and other essential components of the body. The acid-base balance is controlled by a collection of chemical reactions known as buffering systems, which act as regulators to maintain the pH within a narrow range.
When the body's acid-base balance is disrupted, it can lead to various health issues. Acidosis occurs when the blood becomes too acidic, often due to an excess of hydrogen ions or a loss of bicarbonate ions. This condition can cause symptoms such as fatigue, confusion, and even coma if left untreated. On the other hand, alkalosis occurs when the blood becomes too alkaline or basic. It can result from excessive vomiting, ingestion of certain medications, or prolonged hyperventilation. Alkalosis may lead to muscle twitching, numbness, and lightheadedness.
In summary, acid-base balance refers to the delicate equilibrium of acidity and alkalinity in the body's fluids, vital for optimum physiological functioning. Any disruption to this balance can have significant health consequences.
